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The Board of Directors (the "Board") of General American Investors Company, Inc. (the "Company") has adopted this code of ethics (this "Code") applicable to the Company's Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer (the "Covered Officers" each of whom is set forth in Exhibit A) for the purpose of promoting:
A "conflict of interest" occurs when a Covered Officer's private interest interferes with the interests of, or his service to, the Company. For example, a conflict of interest would arise if a Covered Officer, or a member of his family, receives improper personal benefits as a result of his position in the Company.
Certain conflicts of interest arise out of the relationships between Covered Officers and the Company and already are subject to conflict of interest provisions in the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "Investment Company Act"). For example, Covered Officers may not individually engage in certain transactions (such as the purchase or sale of securities or other property) with the Company because of their status as "affiliated persons" of the Company. The Company's compliance programs and procedures are designed to prevent, or identify and correct, violations of these provisions. This Code does not, and is not intended to, repeat or replace these programs and procedures.
Other conflicts of interest are covered by the Code, even if such conflicts of interest are not subject to provisions in the Investment Company Act. The following list provides examples of conflicts of interest under the Code, but Covered Officers should keep in mind that these examples are not exhaustive. The overarching principle is that the personal interest of a Covered Officer should not be placed improperly before the interest of the Company.
Each Covered Officer must:
There are some conflict of interest situations that should be reviewed and discussed with the chairman of the Audit Committee (the "Committee") and, if deemed material, approved by the Board. Examples of these include:1
Each Covered Officer must:
If a Covered Officer or any other employee has a question relating to the provisions of this Code, he or she should refer such question to the chairman of the Committee who is responsible for applying this Code to specific situations in which questions are presented under it and has the authority to interpret this Code in any particular situation.2 However, any approvals or waivers3 sought by the Principal Executive Officer, the Principal Financial Officer or the Principal Accounting Officer will be considered by the Committee or the Board.
The Company will follow these procedures in investigating and enforcing this Code:
This Code shall be the sole code of ethics adopted by the Company for purposes of Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and forms applicable to registered investment companies thereunder. Insofar as other policies or procedures of the Company govern or purport to govern the behavior or activities of the Covered Officers who are subject to this Code, they are superceded by this Code to the extent that they overlap or conflict with the provisions of this Code. The Company's code of ethics under Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act provides separate requirements applying to the Covered Officers and others, and are not part of this Code.
Any amendments to this Code, other than amendments to Exhibit A, must be approved or ratified by a majority vote of the Board, including a majority of independent directors.
All reports and records prepared or maintained pursuant to this Code will be considered confidential and shall be maintained and protected accordingly. Except as otherwise required by law or this Code, such matters shall not be disclosed to anyone other than the Board and outside counsel.
The Code is intended solely for the internal use by the Company and does not constitute an admission, by or on behalf of the Company, as to any fact, circumstance, or legal conclusion.
1. Any activity or relationship that would present a conflict for a Covered Officer would likely also present a conflict for the Covered Officer if a member of the Covered Officer's family engages in such an activity or has such a relationship.
2. The chairman of the Committee is authorized to consult, as appropriate, with counsel to the Company and is encouraged to do so.
3. Item 2 of Form N-CSR defines "waiver" as "the approval by the registrant of a material departure from a provision of the code of ethics" and "implicit waiver," which must also be disclosed, as "the registrant's failure to take action within a reasonable period of time regarding a material departure from a provision of the code of ethics that has been made known to an executive officer" of the registrant.
Persons Covered by this Code of Ethics are as follows: