Committee Membership:
The Audit Committee of General American Investors Company, Inc. (the “Company”) shall be comprised of at least three directors, each of whom shall not be an “interested person,” as defined in Section 2(a)19 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (the “1940 Act”) of the Company and who is otherwise “independent” under Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Board of Directors (the “Board”) shall determine that each member is “financially literate,” and that at least one member of the Audit Committee has “accounting or related financial management expertise,” as such qualifications are interpreted by the Board in its business judgment. In addition, the Board shall determine whether any member of the Audit Committee is an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
No director may serve as a member of the Audit Committee if such director serves on the audit committees of more than two other public companies unless the Board determines that such simultaneous service would not impair the ability of such director to effectively serve on the Audit Committee.
Members shall be appointed by the Board and shall serve at the pleasure of the Board and for such term or terms as the Board may determine.
Committee Purposes:
The purposes of the Audit Committee are to:
- assist Board oversight of (i) the integrity of the Company’s financial statements, (ii) the Company’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, (iii) the independent auditors’ qualifications and independence, and (iv) the performance of the independent auditors.
- prepare an audit committee report as required by the SEC for inclusion in the Company’s annual proxy statement.
- assist Board, as necessary, in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities under the provisions of Rule 270.38a-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Compliance Rule”), including the responsibility of the Board to approve the Company’s written compliance policies and procedures based on a finding by the Board that the policies and procedures are reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws by the Company.
The function of the Audit Committee is oversight. The management of the Company is responsible for the preparation, presentation and integrity of the Company’s financial statements and for effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Management is responsible for maintaining appropriate accounting and financial reporting principles and policies and internal controls and procedures designed to assure compliance with accounting standards and applicable laws and regulations. The independent auditors are responsible for planning and carrying out proper audits and reviews of the Company’s financial statements. In fulfilling their responsibilities hereunder, it is recognized that members of the Audit Committee are not full-time employees of the Company and are not, and do not represent themselves to be, performing the functions of auditors or accountants. As such, it is not the duty or responsibility of the Audit Committee or its members to conduct “field work” or other types of auditing or accounting reviews or procedures or to set auditor independence standards.
The independent auditors shall submit to the Company annually a formal written statement (the “Auditors’ Statement”) describing: the auditors’ internal quality-control procedures; any material issues raised by the most recent internal quality-control review or peer review of the auditors, or by any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional authorities, within the preceding five years, respecting one or more independent audits carried out by the auditors, and any steps taken to deal with any such issues; and (to assess the auditors’ independence) all relationships between the independent auditors and the Company, including at least the matters set forth in the letter from the independent auditors under the applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the "PCAOB").
The independent auditors shall submit to the Company annually a formal written statement of the fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years for each of the following categories of services rendered by the independent auditors: (i) the audit of the Company’s annual financial statements and the review(s) of the Company’s interim financial statements or services that normally are provided by the independent auditors in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements; (ii) assurance and related services not included in clause (i) that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company’s financial statements, in the aggregate and by each service; (iii) tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning services, in the aggregate and by each service; and (iv) all other products and services rendered by the independent auditors, in the aggregate and by each service.
Committee Duties and Responsibilities:
To carry out its purposes, the Audit Committee shall have the following duties and responsibilities:
1. with respect to the independent auditors,
- to be directly responsible for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditors (including the resolution of disagreements between management and the independent auditors regarding financial reporting), who shall report directly to the Audit Committee; provided that the auditors' appointment shall be subject to ratification by the Board;
- to be directly responsible for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of any registered public accounting firm, other than the independent auditors, engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or to perform audit, review or attestation services, which firm shall report directly to the Audit Committee;
- to pre-approve, or to adopt appropriate procedures to pre-approve, all audit and non-audit services to be provided by the independent auditors;
- to ensure that the independent auditors prepare and deliver annually an Auditors’ Statement (it being understood that the independent auditors are responsible for the accuracy and completeness of this Statement), and to discuss with the independent auditors any relationships or services disclosed in this Statement that may impact the quality of audit services or the objectivity and independence of the Company’s independent auditors;
- to obtain from the independent auditors in connection with any audit a timely report relating to the Company’s annual audited financial statements describing all critical accounting policies and practices used, all alternative treatments within generally accepted accounting principles for policies and practices related to material items that have been discussed with management, ramifications of the use of such alternative disclosures and treatments, and the treatment preferred by the independent auditors, and any material written communications between the independent auditors and management, such as any “management” letter or schedule of unadjusted differences;
- to discuss with the independent auditors any significant issues arising from the most recent PCAOB inspection of the independent auditors, to the extent relevant to the Company, including the independent auditor's response to any identified accounting deficiencies;
- to review and evaluate the qualifications, performance and independence of the lead partner of the independent auditors;
- to discuss with management the timing and process for implementing the rotation of the lead audit partner, the concurring partner and any other active audit engagement team partner, and consider whether there should be a regular rotation of the audit firm itself; and
- to take into account the opinions of management in assessing the independent auditors’ qualifications, performance and independence;
2. with respect to accounting principles and policies, financial reporting and internal control over financial reporting,
- to advise management and the independent auditors that they are expected to provide to the Audit Committee a timely analysis of significant issues and practices relating to accounting principles and policies, financial reporting and internal control over financial reporting;
- to consider any reports or communications (and management’s responses thereto) submitted to the Audit Committee by the independent auditors required by or referred to in applicable PCAOB or other applicable standards, including, as applicable, reports and communications related to:
- the overall audit strategy, including the timing of the audit, significant risks the independent auditors identified, and significant changes to the planned audit strategy or identified risks;
- deficiencies, including significant deficiencies or material weaknesses, in internal control identified during the audit or other matters relating to internal control over financial reporting;
- consideration of fraud in a financial statement audit;
- detection of illegal acts;
- the independent auditors’ responsibility under auditing standards generally accepted in the U.S.;
- any restriction on audit scope;
- significant accounting policies;
- significant issues discussed with the national office respecting auditing or accounting issues presented by the engagement, or other difficult or contentious matters for which the independent auditors have consulted outside the engagement team;
- a description of the process management used to develop critical accounting estimates, including the significant assumptions underlying highly subjective estimates;
- any accounting adjustments arising from the audit that were noted or proposed by the auditors but were passed (as immaterial or otherwise);
- the responsibility of the independent auditors for other information in documents containing audited financial statements;
- disagreements with management;
- consultation by management with other accountants, information about other accounting firms or other persons performing audit procedures, and the basis upon which the independent auditors can serve as principal auditor if significant parts of the audit will be performed by other auditors;
- major issues discussed with management prior to retention of the independent auditors;
- difficulties encountered with management in performing the audit;
- the independent auditors’ judgments about the quality of the entity’s accounting principles; and
- reviews of interim financial statements conducted by the independent auditors;
- significant transactions that are outside the ordinary course of business or unusual; and
- other matters arising out of the audit that are significant to the oversight of the Company's financial reporting process, including complaints or concerns regarding accounting or auditing matters that have come to the independent auditors' attention;
- to meet with management and/or the independent auditors:
- to discuss the scope of the annual audit;
- to discuss the annual audited financial statements and interim financial statements, as applicable;
- to discuss the report of the outside auditors on the Company’s system of internal control required to be filed with the Company’s Form N-CEN;
- to discuss any significant matters arising from any audit, including any audit problems or difficulties, whether raised by management or the independent auditors, relating to the Company’s financial statements;
- to discuss any difficulties the independent auditors encountered in the course of the audit, including any restrictions on their activities or access to requested information and any significant disagreements with management;
- to discuss any “management” or “internal control” letter issued, or proposed to be issued, by the independent auditors to the Company;
- to review the form of opinion the independent auditors propose to render to the Board of Directors and shareholders;
- to discuss the Company’s compliance with Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;
- to discuss with management and the outside auditors their respective procedures to assess the representativeness of securities prices provided by external pricing services;
- to discuss with outside auditors their conclusions as to the reasonableness of procedures employed to determine the fair value of securities for which readily available market quotations are not available, management’s adherence to such procedures and the adequacy of supporting documentation; and
- to discuss, as appropriate: (a) any major issues regarding accounting principles and financial statement presentations, including any significant changes in the Company’s selection or application of accounting principles, and major issues as to the adequacy of the Company’s internal controls and any special audit steps adopted in light of material control deficiencies; (b) analyses prepared by management and/or the independent auditors setting forth significant financial reporting issues and judgments made in connection with the preparation of the financial statements, including analyses of the effects of alternative GAAP methods on the financial statements; and (c) the effect of regulatory and accounting initiatives, as well as off-balance sheet structures, on the financial statements of the Company;
- to inquire of the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer as to the existence of any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information and as to the existence of any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting;
- to discuss guidelines and policies governing the process by which senior management of the Company and the relevant departments of the Company assess and manage the Company’s exposure to risk, and to discuss the Company’s major financial risk exposures and the steps management has taken to monitor and control such exposures;
- to obtain from the independent auditors assurance that the audit was conducted in a manner consistent with Section 10A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which sets forth certain procedures to be followed in any audit of financial statements required under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;
- to discuss with the Company’s legal advisors any significant legal compliance or regulatory matters that may have a material effect on the financial statements or the Company’s business, financial statements or compliance policies, including material notices to or inquiries received from governmental agencies;
- to discuss and review the type and presentation of information to be included in earnings press releases;
- to discuss and review the types of financial information provided pursuant to rating agency guidelines;
- to establish procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters, and for the confidential, anonymous submission by Company employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters;
- to review and discuss any reports concerning material violations submitted to it by outside counsel pursuant to the SEC attorney professional responsibility rules, or otherwise;
- to establish hiring policies for employees or former employees of the independent auditors; and
3. with respect to reporting and recommendations,
- to prepare any report or other disclosures, including any recommendation of the Audit Committee, required by the rules of the SEC to be included in the Company’s annual proxy statement;
- to prepare and issue the evaluation required under “Performance Evaluation” below; and
- to report its activities to the full Board of Directors on a regular basis and to make such recommendations with respect to the above and other matters as the Audit Committee may deem necessary or appropriate.
Committee Structure and Operations:
The Board shall designate one member of the Committee as its chairperson. The Audit Committee shall meet once each fiscal year, or more frequently if circumstances dictate, to discuss with management the annual audited financial statements. The Audit Committee should meet separately periodically with management and the independent auditors to discuss any matters that the Audit Committee or any of these persons or firms believe should be discussed privately. The Audit Committee may request any officer or employee of the Company or the Company’s outside counsel or independent auditors to attend a meeting of the Audit Committee or to meet with any members of, or consultants to, the Audit Committee. Members of the Audit Committee may participate in a meeting of the Audit Committee by means of conference call or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other.
Delegation to Subcommittee:
The Audit Committee may, in its discretion, delegate all or a portion of its duties and responsibilities to a subcommittee of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee may, in its discretion, delegate to one or more of its members the authority to pre-approve any audit or non-audit services to be performed by the independent auditors, provided that any such approvals are presented to the Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting.
Performance Evaluation:
The Audit Committee shall prepare and review with the Board an annual performance evaluation of the Audit Committee, which evaluation shall compare the performance of the Audit Committee with the requirements of this charter. The performance evaluation shall also recommend to the Board any improvements to the Audit Committee’s charter deemed necessary or desirable by the Audit Committee. The performance evaluation by the Audit Committee shall be conducted in such manner as the Audit Committee deems appropriate. The report to the Board may take the form of an oral report by the chairperson of the Audit Committee or any other member of the Audit Committee designated by the Audit Committee to make the report.
Resources and Authority of the Audit Committee:
The Audit Committee shall have the resources and authority appropriate to discharge its duties and responsibilities, including the authority to select, retain, terminate, and approve the fees and other retention terms of special or independent counsel, accountants or other experts and advisors, as it deems necessary or appropriate, without seeking approval of the Board or management.
The Company shall provide for appropriate funding, as determined by the Audit Committee, in its capacity as a committee of the Board, for payment of:
- Compensation to the independent auditors and any other public accounting firm engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or performing other audit, review or attest services for the Company;
- Compensation of any advisers employed by the Audit Committee; and
- Ordinary administrative expenses of the Audit Committee that are necessary or appropriate in carrying out its duties.
1. To be considered "independent" under Rule 10A-3 an audit committee member may not (other than in his capacity as a member of the audit committee, the board of directors, or any other board committee) accept directly or indirectly any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from the Company. Compensatory fees do not include the receipt of fixed amounts of compensation under a retirement plan (including deferred compensation) for prior service with the Company (provided that such compensation is not contingent in any way on continued service). An audit committee member also may not be an "interested person" under the 1940 Act.